Jump to content

Colombia at the 2016 Summer Olympics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Colombia at the
2016 Summer Olympics
IOC codeCOL
NOCColombian Olympic Committee
Websitewww.olimpicocol.co (in Spanish)
in Rio de Janeiro
Competitors147 in 23 sports
Flag bearers Yuri Alvear (opening)[1]
Ingrit Valencia (closing)
Medals
Ranked 22nd
Gold
3
Silver
2
Bronze
3
Total
8
Summer Olympics appearances (overview)

Colombia competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's nineteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics. The Colombian Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Colombiano) sent the nation's largest ever delegation to the Games, with 147 athletes, 74 men and 73 women, competing across 23 sports.[2]

Colombia returned home from Rio de Janeiro with a total of eight medals (three gold, two silver, and three bronze), marking the nation's most successful outcome in Summer Olympic history based on the gold medal count.[3] Moreover, it matched the overall medal tally from the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Two of these medals were awarded to the Colombian team in BMX cycling, boxing, and weightlifting, and one each in athletics and judo.

The nation's most significant highlight of the Games came from BMX rider Mariana Pajón, who successfully defended her title in the women's race and set a record as the first Colombian to receive two Olympic gold medals.[4] Apart from Pajón, triple jumper Caterine Ibargüen, and weightlifting veteran Óscar Figueroa also helped the Colombians bring home more golds from Rio de Janeiro than ever before, with Figueroa becoming the first male from his country to top the podium at his fourth and final Olympics.[citation needed]

Boxers Yuberjen Martínez (men's light flyweight) and Ingrit Valencia (women's flyweight) brought home medals in their signature sport, last achieved at the 1988. Judoka and triple world titlist Yuri Alvear joined Pajon and freestyle wrestler Jackeline Rentería as the only Colombian women to win two Olympic medals, with a silver medal in the women's 70 kg division.[3] The remaining medals went to BMX rider Carlos Ramírez in the men's race, and weightlifter Luis Javier Mosquera, who received the bronze in the men's 69 kg, following the disqualification of Kyrgyzstan's Izzat Artykov over a doping offense.[5]

Medalists

[edit]

Competitors

[edit]

The Colombian Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Colombiano) confirmed a team of 147 athletes, 74 men and 73 women, to compete across 23 sports at the Games.[2][6] It was the nation's largest ever delegation sent to the Olympics, breaking its previous record of 104 athletes set in London four years earlier.

Football (for both men and women) and women's rugby sevens were the only team-based sports in which Colombia qualified for the Games, with the men's football squad returning to the Olympic tournament for the first time in 24 years.[6][7] For individual-based sports, Colombia marked its Olympic debut in golf (new to the 2016 Games) and synchronized swimming.

Track and field accounted for the largest number of athletes on the Colombian team by an individual sport, with 34 entries. There was a single competitor each in golf, sailing, shooting, and table tennis.

Eight of the nation's Olympic medalists from London 2012 returned, including defending champion Mariana Pajón in the women's BMX race, triple jumper Caterine Ibargüen, weightlifter and four-time Olympian Óscar Figueroa (men's 69 kg), judoka and triple world titleist Yuri Alvear (women's 70 kg), BMX rider Carlos Oquendo, professional road cyclist Rigoberto Urán, taekwondo fighter Óscar Muñoz (men's 58 kg), and freestyle wrestler Jackeline Rentería, who became the first Colombian woman in history to earn two Olympic medals. 50-year-old trap shooter Danilo Caro headlined the full roster of Colombian athletes by competing at his record fifth Olympics.[8] Along with Figueroa, three Colombian athletes also vied for their fourth consecutive appearance, including race walker Luis Fernando López, backstroke swimmer Omar Pinzón, and weightlifter Ubaldina Valoyes (women's 75 kg).

18-year-old relay track sprinter Anthony Zambrano was Colombia's youngest competitor, with show jumper René Lopez rounding out the field as the oldest competitor (aged 52). Artistic gymnast Jossimar Calvo was initially selected through a nationwide online text-message voting to carry the Colombian flag, but forced to decline the honor due to his competition schedule on the first day of the Games.[9] Instead, Alvear, who entered the Games with a bronze medal from London 2012 and three world titles, took over Calvo's spot at the last minute to lead the Colombian team at the opening ceremony.[10]

Archery

[edit]

Three Colombian archers qualified for the women's events after having secured a top eight finish in the team recurve at the 2015 World Archery Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark.[11][12] Another Colombian archer also qualified for the men's individual recurve by obtaining one of the eight Olympic places available from the same tournament.[13]

Athlete Event Ranking round Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final / BM
Score Seed Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Andrés Pila Men's individual 654 43  Mohamad (MAS)
L 0–6
Did not advance
Carolina Aguirre Women's individual 605 52  Sartori (ITA)
L 0–6
Did not advance
Ana Rendón 641 18  Bjerendal (SWE)
L 2–6
Did not advance
Natalia Sánchez 609 48  Perova (RUS)
L 5–6
Did not advance
Carolina Aguirre
Ana Rendón
Natalia Sánchez
Women's team 1855 10  India (IND)
L 3–5
Did not advance

Athletics (track and field)

[edit]

Colombian athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event):[14][15]

Key
  • Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
  • Q = Qualified for the next round
  • q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
  • NR = National record
  • N/A = Round not applicable for the event
  • Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
Track & road events
Men
Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Éider Arévalo 20 km walk 1:21:36 15
Bernardo Baloyes 200 m 20.78 8 Did not advance
Diego Colorado Marathon 2:31:20 125
Gerard Giraldo 2:23:48 88
Luis Fernando López 20 km walk 1:22:32 29
José Leonardo Montaña 50 km walk DNF
Diego Palomeque 400 m 46.48 6 Did not advance
James Rendón 50 km walk DSQ
Yeison Rivas 110 m hurdles 13.87 2 Did not advance
Rafith Rodríguez 800 m 1:46.65 5 Did not advance
Andrés Ruiz Marathon 2:22:09 79
Jorge Armando Ruiz 50 km walk 3:51:42 17
Manuel Esteban Soto 20 km walk 1:20:36 9
Bernardo Baloyes
Carlos Lemos
Diego Palomeque
Jhon Perlaza
Anthony Zambrano 
4 × 400 m relay 3:01.84 6 Did not advance
Women
Athlete Event Heat Quarterfinal Semifinal Final
Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank Result Rank
Erika Abril Marathon 2:44:05 73
Sandra Arenas 20 km walk 1:35:40 32
Kellys Arias Marathon DNF
Yeseida Carrillo 20 km walk 1:36:28 38
Muriel Coneo 1500 m 4:09.50 10 Did not advance
Sandra Galvis 20 km walk DNF
Brigitte Merlano 100 m hurdles 13.09 5 Did not advance
Angie Orjuela Marathon 2:37:05 43
Eliecith Palacios 100 m Bye 11.48 5 Did not advance
Evelyn Rivera Bye 11.59 6 Did not advance
Field events
Athlete Event Qualification Final
Distance Position Distance Position
Jhon Murillo Men's triple jump 16.78 8 q 17.09 NR 5
Mauricio Ortega Men's discus throw 61.62 18 Did not advance
Caterine Ibargüen Women's triple jump 14.52 1 Q 15.17 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Sandra Lemos Women's shot put 16.46 31 Did not advance
Flor Ruiz Women's javelin throw 62.32 9 q 61.54 9
Yosiris Urrutia Triple jump 13.95 20 Did not advance
Combined events – Women's heptathlon
Athlete Event 100H HJ SP 200 m LJ JT 800 m Final Rank
Evelis Aguilar Result 13.84 1.74 13.60 24.12 6.23 46.90 2:14.32 6263 15
Points 1001 903 767 969 921 800 902

Boxing

[edit]

Colombia has entered five boxers to compete in each of the following weight classes into the Olympic boxing tournament. Yuberjen Martinez, Jorge Vivas, and Ingrit Valencia had claimed their Olympic spots at the 2016 American Qualification Tournament in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[16][17] Juan Carlos Carrillo and Ceiber Ávila rounded out the Colombian roster at the 2016 APB and WSB Olympic Qualifier in Vargas, Venezuela.[18]

Athlete Event Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Yuberjen Martínez Men's light flyweight  Lourenço (BRA)
W 3–0
 Ladon (PHI)
W 3–0
 Carmona (ESP)
W 2–1
 Argilagos (CUB)
W 2–1
 Dusmatov (UZB)
L 0–3
2nd place, silver medalist(s)
Ceiber Ávila Men's flyweight Bye  Emigdio (MEX)
W 3–0
 Aloyan (RUS)
L 0–3
Did not Advance
Jorge Vivas Men's middleweight  Ntsengue (CMR)
L 1–2
Did not Advance
Juan Carlos Carrillo Men's light heavyweight  Adylbek Uulu (KGZ)
W 3–0
 Bauderlique (FRA)
L 0–3
Did not Advance
Ingrit Valencia Women's flyweight  Mbougnade (CAF)
W TKO
 Laopeam (THA)
W 3–0
 Ourahmoune (FRA)
L 1–2
Did not advance 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)

Cycling

[edit]

Road

[edit]

Colombian riders qualified for a maximum of five quota places in the men's Olympic road race by virtue of their top 5 final national ranking in the 2015 UCI World Tour.[19] One additional spot was awarded to the Colombian cyclist in the women's road race by virtue of her top 100 individual placement in the 2016 UCI World Rankings.[20] The men's road cycling team, headlined by world no. 5 rider Nairo Quintana and London 2012 silver medalist Rigoberto Urán, were named to the Olympic roster on 17 April 2016.[21] However, Quintana stepped back, admitting that he decided to focus on the upcoming Vuelta a España instead.

Athlete Event Time Rank
Esteban Chaves Men's road race 6:13:39 21
Sergio Henao Did not finish
Miguel Ángel López Did not finish
Jarlinson Pantano Did not finish
Rigoberto Urán Men's road race Did not finish
Men's time trial Did not start
Ana Sanabria Women's road race 4:01:29 40

Track

[edit]

Following the completion of the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, Colombian riders have accumulated five spots in both the men's and women's sprint, men's and women's keirin, and men's omnium, by virtue of their final individual Olympic rankings in those events. The full track cycling team was named to the Colombian roster for the Games on 6 July 2016.[22]

Sprint
Athlete Event Qualification Round 1 Repechage 1 Round 2 Repechage 2 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
Time
Speed (km/h)
Rank Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Opposition
Time
Speed (km/h)
Rank
Fabián Puerta Men's sprint 9.981
72.137
16 Q  Glaetzer (AUS)
L
 Sarnecki (POL)
 Pervis (FRA)
W 10.272
70.093
 Kenny (GBR)
L
 Xu C (CHN)
 Webster (NZL)
L
Did not advance 9th place final
 Webster (NZL)
 Levy (GER)
 Hoogland (NED)
L
10
Santiago Ramírez 10.199
70.595
23 Did not advance
Juliana Gaviria Women's sprint 11.505
62.581
24 Did not advance
Keirin
Athlete Event 1st Round Repechage 2nd Round Final
Rank Rank Rank Rank
Fabián Puerta Men's keirin 2 Q Bye 3 Q 5
Martha Bayona Women's keirin 3 R 1 Q DNF 10
Omnium
Athlete Event Scratch race Individual pursuit Elimination race Time trial Flying lap Points race Total points Rank
Rank Points Time Rank Points Rank Points Time Rank Points Time Rank Points Points Rank
Fernando Gaviria Men's omnium 8 26 4:26.649 10 22 3 36 1:02.469 4 34 13.273 10 22 41 1 181 4

Mountain biking

[edit]

Colombia has qualified one mountain biker for the men's Olympic cross-country race, by virtue of a top two national finish, not yet qualified, at the Pan American Championships.[23]

Athlete Event Time Rank
Jhonnatan Botero Villegas Men's cross-country 1:35:44 5

BMX

[edit]

Colombian riders qualified for two men's and one women's quota place in BMX at the Olympics, as a result of the nation's seventh-place finish for men and fourth for women in the UCI Olympic Ranking List of 31 May 2016. Reigning Olympic champion Mariana Pajón, London 2012 bronze medalist Carlos Oquendo, and rookie Carlos Ramírez were named to the Colombian team at the conclusion of the World Championships on 29 May 2016.[24]

Athlete Event Seeding Quarterfinal Semifinal Final
Result Rank Points Rank Points Rank Result Rank
Carlos Oquendo Men's BMX 35.341 14 9 2 Q 14 6 Did not advance
Carlos Ramírez 35.423 19 11 4 Q 11 3 Q 35.517 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Mariana Pajón Women's BMX 34.508 1 3 1 Q 34.093 1st place, gold medalist(s)

Diving

[edit]

Colombian divers qualified for three individual spots at the Olympics by virtue of a top 18 finish respectively at the 2016 FINA World Cup series.[25]

Athlete Event Preliminaries Semifinals Final
Points Rank Points Rank Points Rank
Sebastián Morales Men's 3 m springboard 447.05 5 Q 406.55 11 Q 364.50 12
Víctor Ortega Men's 10 m platform 386.85 20 Did not advance
Sebastián Villa 350.40 25 Did not advance
Diana Pineda Women's 3 m springboard 276.90 23 Did not advance

Equestrian

[edit]

Colombia has entered two riders into the Olympic equestrian competition by virtue of a top six individual finish at the 2015 Pan American Games.[26][27]

Jumping

[edit]
Athlete Horse Event Qualification Final Total
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round A Round B
Penalties Rank Penalties Total Rank Penalties Total Rank Penalties Rank Penalties Total Rank Penalties Rank
Daniel Bluman Apardi Individual 15 63 Did not advance
René Lopez Con Dios III 8 =53 Q 13 21 =55 Did not advance

Fencing

[edit]

Colombia has entered two fencers into the Olympic competition. London 2012 Olympian Saskia Loretta van Erven Garcia had claimed an Olympic spot in the women's foil as the highest-ranked fencer from America outside the world's top 14 in the FIE Adjusted Official Rankings.[28] Meanwhile, Jhon Edison Rodríguez rounded out the Colombian roster as the sole winner of the men's épée at the Pan American Zonal Qualifier in San José, Costa Rica.

Athlete Event Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Final / BM
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Opposition
Score
Rank
Jhon Édison Rodríguez Men's épée  Karyuchenko (UKR)
W 15–7
 Imre (HUN)
L 8–15
Did not advance
Saskia Loretta van Erven Garcia Women's foil Bye  Mohamed (HUN)
L 12–15
Did not advance

Football

[edit]

Men's tournament

[edit]

Colombia men's football team qualified for the Olympics with a 2–1 victory over the United States at the second leg of the CONCACAF-CONMEBOL play-off, signifying the nation's Olympic comeback for the first time after 24 years.[29]

Team roster

The following is the Colombia squad in the men's football tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team of 18 players was officially named on 14 July.[30] Andrés Rentería withdrew due to injury and was replaced by Arley Rodríguez.[31]

Head coach: Carlos Restrepo

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1 1GK Cristian Bonilla (1993-06-02)2 June 1993 (aged 23) 4 0 Colombia Atlético Nacional
2 2DF William Tesillo* (1990-02-02)2 February 1990 (aged 26) 2 0 Colombia Santa Fe
3 2DF Deivy Balanta (1993-02-09)9 February 1993 (aged 23) 4 0 Colombia Junior
4 2DF Deiver Machado (1993-09-02)2 September 1993 (aged 22) 3 0 Colombia Millonarios
5 2DF Felipe Aguilar (1993-01-20)20 January 1993 (aged 23) 2 0 Colombia Atlético Nacional
6 3MF Jefferson Lerma (1994-10-25)25 October 1994 (aged 21) 2 0 Spain Levante
7 4FW Arley Rodríguez (1993-02-09)9 February 1993 (aged 23) 4 0 Colombia Atlético Nacional
8 4FW Dorlan Pabón* (1988-01-24)24 January 1988 (aged 28) 2 0 Mexico Monterrey
9 4FW Miguel Borja (1993-01-26)26 January 1993 (aged 23) 2 0 Colombia Atlético Nacional
10 4FW Teófilo Gutiérrez* (c) (1985-05-17)17 May 1985 (aged 31) 2 1 Portugal Sporting CP
11 4FW Harold Preciado (1994-06-01)1 June 1994 (aged 22) 4 1 Colombia Deportivo Cali
12 3MF Andrés Felipe Roa (1993-05-25)25 May 1993 (aged 23) 4 0 Colombia Deportivo Cali
13 2DF Helibelton Palacios (1993-06-11)11 June 1993 (aged 23) 4 0 Colombia Deportivo Cali
14 3MF Sebastián Pérez (1993-03-29)29 March 1993 (aged 23) 3 0 Colombia Atlético Nacional
15 3MF Wilmar Barrios (1993-10-16)16 October 1993 (aged 22) 5 0 Colombia Deportes Tolima
16 3MF Kevin Balanta (1997-04-28)28 April 1997 (aged 19) 4 0 Colombia Deportivo Cali
17 2DF Cristian Borja (1993-02-18)18 February 1993 (aged 23) 7 0 Colombia Santa Fe
18 1GK Luis Hurtado (1994-01-24)24 January 1994 (aged 22) 2 0 Colombia Deportivo Cali
19 2DF Juan Sebastián Quintero (1995-03-23)23 March 1995 (aged 21) 0 0 Colombia Deportivo Cali

* Over-aged player.

Group play
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Nigeria 3 2 0 1 6 6 0 6 Quarter-finals
2  Colombia 3 1 2 0 6 4 +2 5
3  Japan 3 1 1 1 7 7 0 4
4  Sweden 3 0 1 2 2 4 −2 1
Source: Rio2016 & FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Sweden 2–2 Colombia
Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)

Japan 2–2 Colombia
Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)
Attendance: 26,603[33]

Colombia 2–0 Nigeria
Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)
Quarterfinal
Brazil 2–0 Colombia
Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)

Women's tournament

[edit]

Colombia women's football team qualified for the Olympics by finishing second behind Brazil at the 2014 Copa América Femenina in Ecuador.[36]

Team roster

Head coach: Fabián Taborda

Colombia named a squad of 18 players and 4 alternates for the tournament, which was announced on 14 July 2016.[37]

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1 1GK Catalina Pérez (1994-11-08)8 November 1994 (aged 21) 5 0 United States University of Miami
2 3MF Carolina Arbeláez (1995-03-08)8 March 1995 (aged 21) 1 0 Colombia Formas Íntimas
3 3MF Natalia Gaitán (captain) (1991-04-03)3 April 1991 (aged 25) 39 4 Spain Valencia CF
4 3MF Diana Ospina (1989-03-03)3 March 1989 (aged 27) 33 3 Colombia Formas Íntimas
5 2DF Isabella Echeverri (1994-06-16)16 June 1994 (aged 22) 15 1 United States University of Toledo
6 2DF Liana Salazar (1992-09-16)16 September 1992 (aged 23) 13 0 Colombia Futuro Soccer
7 4FW Ingrid Vidal (1991-04-22)22 April 1991 (aged 25) 54 11 Colombia CD Palmiranas
8 2DF Mildrey Pineda (1989-10-01)1 October 1989 (aged 26) 25 2 Colombia CD Palmiranas
9 2DF Oriánica Velásquez (1989-08-01)1 August 1989 (aged 27) 41 2 Colombia Club Gol Star
10 3MF Leicy Santos (1996-05-16)16 May 1996 (aged 20) 15 2 Colombia Club Gol Star
11 3MF Catalina Usme (1989-12-25)25 December 1989 (aged 26) 44 20 Colombia Formas Íntimas
12 4FW Nicole Regnier (1995-02-28)28 February 1995 (aged 21) 1 0 Spain Rayo Vallecano
13 2DF Ángela Clavijo (1993-09-01)1 September 1993 (aged 22) 19 0 Colombia Club Kamatsa
14 2DF Nataly Arias (1986-04-02)2 April 1986 (aged 30) 58 6 Colombia Formas Íntimas
15 3MF Tatiana Ariza (1991-02-21)21 February 1991 (aged 25) 38 8 United States Houston Aces
16 4FW Lady Andrade (1992-01-10)10 January 1992 (aged 24) 45 9 United States Western New York Flash
17 2DF Carolina Arias (1990-09-02)2 September 1990 (aged 25) 42 0 Colombia Orsomarso S.C.
18 1GK Sandra Sepúlveda (1988-03-03)3 March 1988 (aged 28) 39 0 Israel F.C. Kiryat Gat
Group play
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  United States 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 7 Quarter-finals
2  France 3 2 0 1 7 1 +6 6
3  New Zealand 3 1 0 2 1 5 −4 3
4  Colombia 3 0 1 2 2 7 −5 1
Source: Rio2016 & FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
France 4–0 Colombia
Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)
Attendance: 6,847[38]
Referee: Ri Hyang-ok (North Korea)

Colombia 0–1 New Zealand
Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)
Hearn 31'
Attendance: 8,505[39]
Referee: Gladys Lengwe (Zambia)

Colombia 2–2 United States
Usme 26', 90' Report (Rio2016)
Report (FIFA)
Dunn 41'
Pugh 59'
Attendance: 30,557[40]

Golf

[edit]

Colombia has entered one golfer into the Olympic tournament. Mariajo Uribe (world no. 103) qualified directly among the top 60 eligible players for the women's event based on the IGF World Rankings as of 11 July 2016.[41]

Athlete Event Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Total
Score Score Score Score Score Par Rank
Mariajo Uribe Women's 70 71 74 66 281 −3 =19

Gymnastics

[edit]

Artistic

[edit]

Colombia has entered two artistic gymnasts into the Olympic competition. A Colombian male gymnast, whose name had yet to be determined, and Catalina Escobar had claimed their Olympic spots each in the men's and women's apparatus and all-around events, respectively, at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro.[42][43]

Men
Athlete Event Qualification Final
Apparatus Total Rank Apparatus Total Rank
F PH R V PB HB F PH R V PB HB
Jossimar Calvo All-around 14.175 15.033 14.166 13.766 15.400 14.966 87.506 13 Q 14.650 14.700 14.433 14.833 15.366 14.933 88.915 10
Women
Athlete Event Qualification Final
Apparatus Total Rank Apparatus Total Rank
F V UB BB F V UB BB
Catalina Escobar Uneven bars 13.058 13.058 61 Did not advance
Balance beam 10.200 10.200 82 Did not advance
Floor 3.700 3.700 82 Did not advance

Judo

[edit]

Colombia had qualified two judokas for each of the following weight classes at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Yuri Alvear, a three time Olympian by the 2012 London Summer Olympics earning a bronze medal, was ranked among the top 14 eligible judokas for women in the IJF World Ranking List of 30 May 2016. Olympian Yadinis Amaris in the women's lightweight (57 kg) earned a continental quota spot from the Pan American region, as the highest-ranked Colombian judoka outside of direct qualifying position.[44][45]

Athlete Event Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Repechage Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Yadinis Amaris Women's −57 kg  Gjakova (KOS)
L 000–100
Did not advance
Yuri Alvear Women's −70 kg Bye  Pérez (PUR)
W 000–000 S
 Bernabéu (ESP)
W 100–000
 Conway (GBR)
W 010–000
Bye  Tachimoto (JPN)
L 000–100
2nd place, silver medalist(s)

Rugby sevens

[edit]

Women's tournament

[edit]

The Colombia women's team qualified automatically based on their top finish at the 2015 CONSUR Women's Sevens.[46]

Team roster
  • The following is the Colombia roster in the women's rugby sevens tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics.[47]

Head coach: Laurent Palau

Backs Forwards
2 Nathalie Marchino 1 Nicole Acevedo
4 Khaterinne Medina 3 Alejandra Betancur (c)
6 Isabel Romero 5 Ana Ramírez
8 Solangie Delgado 7 Estefanía Ramírez
9 Camila Lopera 10 Guadalupe López
11 Sharon Acevedo
12 Laura González
Group play
Pos Team Pld W D L PF PA PD Pts Qualification
1  Australia 3 2 1 0 101 12 +89 8 Quarter-finals
2  Fiji 3 2 0 1 48 43 +5 7
3  United States 3 1 1 1 67 24 +43 6
4  Colombia 3 0 0 3 0 137 −137 3
Source: World Rugby
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head result; 3) Point difference; 4) Points scored.
6 August 2016
13:30
Australia 53–0 Colombia
Try: Williams 1' m
Caslick (3) 3' c, 7' m, 8' c
Tonegato 5' m
Parry 7' m
Beck (2) 10' c, 13' c
Turner 12' m
Con: Dalton (3/8)
Etheridge (1/1)
Report (Rio 2016)
Report (World Rugby)
Deodoro Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Referee: Jess Beard (New Zealand)

6 August 2016
18:00
United States 48–0 Colombia
Try: Kelter (2) 1' c, 6' c
Doyle 6' m
Johnson (2) 7' m, 13' m
Javelet 8' c
Carlyle 11' c
Fa'avesi 14' m
Con: Kelter (2/3)
Baravilala (2/3)
Stephens (0/2)
Report (Rio 2016)
Report (World Rugby)
Deodoro Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Referee: Beatrice Benvenuti (Italy)

7 August 2016
13:00
Fiji 36–0 Colombia
Try: Daveau (2) 1' c, 3' m
Tinai 5' c
Roqica 7' m
Riwai 9' c
Nagasau 14' m
Con: Tinai (2/4)
Riwai (1/1)
Tisolo (0/1)
Report (Rio 2016)
Report (World Rugby)
Deodoro Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Referee: Rose Labreche (Canada)
Classification semifinal (9–12)
7 August 2016
16:00
Brazil 24–0 Colombia
Try: Ramalho 3' m
Teles (2) 6' c, 7' m
Muhlbauer 9' c
Con: Kochhann (2/4)
Report (Rio 2016)
Report (World Rugby)
Deodoro Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Referee: Sakurako Kawasaki (Japan)
Eleventh place game
8 August 2016
12:30
Colombia 10–22 Kenya
Try: S. Acevedo 1' m
Medina 7' m
Con: Lopera (0/2)
Report (Rio 2016)
Report (World Rugby)
Try: Okelo (2) 4' m, 11' c
I. Otieno 9' m
Masinde 14' m
Con: Awino (1/3)
Nziwa (0/1)
Deodoro Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Referee: Rose Labreche (Canada)

Sailing

[edit]

Colombia has qualified a boat in the men's RS:X class by virtue of a top finish for Central & South America at the 2016 ISAF World Cup regatta in Miami, Florida, United States.[48]

Athlete Event Race Net points Final rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 M*
Santiago Grillo Men's RS:X 29 24 24 32 DNF 24 28 23 14 29 35 DNF EL 299 30

M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race

Shooting

[edit]

Colombia has received a wildcard invitation from ISSF to send Danilo Caro, who will be going to his sixth Olympics, in the men's trap, as long as the minimum qualifying score (MQS) was fulfilled by 31 March 2016.[49][50]

Athlete Event Qualification Semifinal Final
Points Rank Points Rank Points Rank
Danilo Caro Men's trap 110 27 Did not advance

Qualification Legend: Q = Qualify for the next round; q = Qualify for the bronze medal (shotgun)

Swimming

[edit]

Colombian swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):[51][52]

Athlete Event Heat Semifinal Final
Time Rank Time Rank Time Rank
Jonathan Gómez Men's 200 m butterfly 1:56.65 15 Q 1:57.47 15 Did not advance
Jorge Murillo Men's 100 m breaststroke 59.93 NR 14 Q 1:00.81 16 Did not advance
Men's 200 m breaststroke 2:12.81 28 Did not advance
Omar Pinzón Men's 200 m backstroke 1:59.69 22 Did not advance
Isabella Arcila Women's 50 m freestyle 25.35 30 Did not advance

Synchronized swimming

[edit]

Colombia has fielded a squad of two synchronized swimmers to compete only in the women's duet by virtue of their eleventh-place finish at the FINA Olympic test event in Rio de Janeiro.[53][54]

Athlete Event Technical routine Free routine (preliminary) Free routine (final)
Points Rank Points Total (technical + free) Rank Points Total (technical + free) Rank
Estefanía Álvarez
Mónica Arango
Duet 80.3363 17 80.4667 160.8030 17 Did not advance

Table tennis

[edit]

Colombia has entered one athlete into the table tennis competition at the Games. Lady Ruano secured the Olympic spot in the women's singles by virtue of her top six finish at the 2016 Latin American Qualification Tournament in Santiago, Chile.[55][56]

Athlete Event Preliminary Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Lady Ruano Women's singles Bye  Vacenovská (CZE)
L 0–4
Did not advance

Taekwondo

[edit]

Colombia entered two athletes into the taekwondo competition at the Olympics. 2012 Olympic bronze medalist Óscar Muñoz, and 2008 Olympian Doris Patiño secured the spots in the men's flyweight (58 kg) and women's lightweight category (57 kg) respectively by virtue of their top two finish at the 2016 Pan American Qualification Tournament in Aguascalientes, Mexico.[57]

Athlete Event Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Repechage Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Óscar Muñoz Men's −58 kg  Bragança (POR)
L 3–14
Did not advance
Doris Patiño Women's −57 kg  Malak (EGY)
L 0–13 PTG
Did not advance

Tennis

[edit]

Colombia has entered three tennis players into the Olympic tournament. Juan Sebastián Cabal and Robert Farah qualified directly for the men's doubles by virtue of their combined top 30 placement in the ATP World Rankings as of 6 June 2016.[58][59] Meanwhile, Mariana Duque Mariño received a spare ITF Olympic place to compete in the women's singles, as the next highest-ranked eligible player, not yet qualified, in the WTA World Rankings, as a result of three players' withdrawal from the Games due to concerns on Zika virus.[60]

Athlete Event Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals Semifinals Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Juan Sebastián Cabal
Robert Farah
Men's doubles  Herbert /
Mahut (FRA)
W 7–6(7–4), 6–3
 Johnson /
Sock (USA)
L 4–6, 6–7(1–7)
Did not advance
Mariana Duque Mariño Women's singles  Kerber (GER)
L 3–6, 5–7
Did not advance

Weightlifting

[edit]

Colombian weightlifters have qualified five men's and four women's quota places for the Rio Olympics based on their combined team standing by points at the 2014 and 2015 IWF World Championships. The team must allocate these places to individual athletes by 20 June 2016.[61]

Men
Athlete Event Snatch Clean & Jerk Total Rank
Result Rank Result Rank
Habib de las Salas −56 kg 119 8 147 8 264 6
Óscar Figueroa −62 kg 142 1 176 1 318 1st place, gold medalist(s)
Edwin Mosquera −69 kg 140 16 170 16 310 16
Luis Javier Mosquera 145 5 183 3 338 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)*
Andrés Caicedo −77 kg 155 5 191 4 346 5

* Mosquera originally placed fourth behind initial bronze medalist Izzat Artykov of Kyrgyzstan. Artykov was later disqualified after testing positive for a banned substance called strychnine. The bronze medal stripped from Artykov is reallocated to Mosquera.[62]

Women
Athlete Event Snatch Clean & Jerk Total Rank
Result Rank Result Rank
Lina Rivas −58 kg 96 8 120 7 216 7
Mercedes Pérez −63 kg 104 5 130 4 234 4
Leydi Solís −69 kg 110 4 143 3 253 4
Ubaldina Valoyes −75 kg 111 5 136 4 247 4

Wrestling

[edit]

Colombia has qualified a total of five wrestlers for each of the following weight classes into the Olympic competition. Two of them had booked Olympic spots each in the women's freestyle (58 & 75 kg) at the 2015 World Championships, while the majority of Olympic berths were awarded to Colombian wrestlers, who progressed to the top two finals at the 2016 Pan American Qualification Tournament.[63][64]

Key:

  • VT – Victory by Fall.
  • PP – Decision by Points – the loser with technical points.
  • PO – Decision by Points – the loser without technical points.
  • ST – Technical superiority – the loser without technical points and a margin of victory of at least 8 (Greco-Roman) or 10 (freestyle) points.
Men's freestyle
Athlete Event Qualification Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Repechage 1 Repechage 2 Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Carlos Izquierdo −74 kg Bye  Hasanov (AZE)
L 0–4 ST
Did not advance 18
Men's Greco-Roman
Athlete Event Qualification Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Repechage 1 Repechage 2 Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Carlos Muñoz −75 kg  Bácsi (HUN)
L 0–4 ST
Did not advance 20
Wrestler Jackeline Rentería facing an opponent
Women's freestyle
Athlete Event Qualification Round of 16 Quarterfinal Semifinal Repechage 1 Repechage 2 Final / BM
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Opposition
Result
Rank
Carolina Castillo −48 kg Bye  Chov (CAM)
W 4–0 ST
 Yankova (BUL)
L 1–3 PP
Did not advance 8
Jackeline Rentería −58 kg Bye  Sovero (PER)
W 3–1 PP
 Ratkevich (AZE)
L 1–3 PP
Did not advance 8
Andrea Olaya −75 kg Bye  Gray (USA)
L 0–5 VT
Did not advance 15

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Yuri Alvear llevará la bandera en la inauguración de los Juegos Olímpicos Río 2016" [Yuri Alvear will carry the flag in the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games] (in Spanish). El Heraldo. 4 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b Durango Hurtado, Jheyner (12 July 2016). "147 atletas clasificó Colombia a Río, la cifra podría aumentar" [147 Colombian athletes qualified for Rio, the numbers could increase] (in Spanish). El Colombiano. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b Wade, Jared (22 August 2016). "Pajón, Ibargüen, Figueroa lead Colombia to best Olympic performance in history". The City Paper Bogotá. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  4. ^ Herman, Martyn (19 August 2016). "Cycling: Colombian Pajon gets party started with BMX gold". Reuters. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  5. ^ "Kyrgyzstan weightlifter Izzat Artykov loses bronze medal over doping offence". The Guardian. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  6. ^ a b Wade, Jared (5 August 2016). "All eyes on Colombia in Rio Olympics". The City Paper Bogotá. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  7. ^ "Colombia clash with USA for final Olympic place". FIFA. 29 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  8. ^ "Golden Óscar reigns supreme as Colombians do themselves proud". The Bogotá Post. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  9. ^ "Calvo ganó la votación para ser abanderado de Colombia en Olímpicos" [Calvo won the votes for Colombia's flag bearer role] (in Spanish). Colombia: El Tiempo. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  10. ^ "Colombia nombra a nuevo abanderado para los Olímpicos" [Colombia appoints a new flag bearer for the Olympics] (in Spanish). Cali, Colombia: El País. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  11. ^ Pavitt, Michael (28 July 2015). "Olympic gold medallists Italy hold nerve in shoot-off to secure Rio 2016 quota spot at World Archery Championships". Inside the Games. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  12. ^ "Rio 2016 team quota places awarded in Copenhagen". World Archery Federation. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  13. ^ "Ten nations awarded individual spots to Rio 2016". World Archery Federation. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  14. ^ "iaaf.org – Top Lists". IAAF. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  15. ^ "IAAF Games of the XXX Olympiad – Rio 2016 Entry Standards" (PDF). IAAF. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Jorge Luis Vivas, clasificado 95 de Colombia a Río 2016" [Jorge Luis Vivas becomes the 95th from Colombia for Rio 2016] (in Spanish). RCN Televisión. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Reigning Champions Claressa Shields and Roniel Iglesias secure Olympic qualification in Buenos Aires". AIBA. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  18. ^ "Semi-Final day at the APB/WSB Olympic Qualification Event in Venezuela confirms 16 Rio 2016 quota places". AIBA. 8 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  19. ^ "UCI announces men's road Olympic quotas". Cyclingnews.com. 18 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  20. ^ "UCI announce women's road cycling quotas for Rio Olympics". Cyclingnews.com. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  21. ^ Gómez Marín, John Eric (17 April 2016). "Colombia confirma su selección olímpica para Río de Janeiro 2016. Quintana, Urán, Henao, Chaves y López forman el "Dream Team" nacional" [Colombia confirms the Olympic selection for Rio de Janeiro 2016; Quintana, Urán, Henao, Chaves, and López forms the national "Dream Team".] (in Spanish). Mundo Ciclistico. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  22. ^ Gómez Marín, John Eric (6 July 2016). "Conozca nuestras selecciones olímpicas de ciclismo Río de Janeiro 2016" [Colombian cycling teams selected for Rio 2016] (in Spanish). Colombian Cycling Federation. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  23. ^ "Colombia logró el cupo a los Juegos Olímpicos en la élite masculina" [Colombia achieves the quota for the Olympics in the men's elite] (in Spanish). Colombian Cycling Federation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  24. ^ "El BMX de Colombia no es solo Mariana Pajón" [Colombia's Mariana Pajón will not be alone in BMX] (in Spanish). Colombia: El Tiempo. 29 May 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  25. ^ "Rio 2016: Diving – Participating Athletes". FINA. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  26. ^ "As Pan American Games close, more places at Rio 2016 Olympic Games are confirmed". Rio 2016. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  27. ^ "Six nations make Olympic and Paralympic débuts at Rio 2016 equestrian events". FEI. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  28. ^ "Russia top as Olympic qualification by ranking ends". FIE. 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  29. ^ "USA U-23s fall short of Rio, lose to Colombia in Olympic playoff". Sports Illustrated. 29 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  30. ^ "Convocatoria oficial Selecciones Colombia para Rio 2016" [Teams Colombia official call for Rio 2016] (in Spanish). Colombian Football Federation. 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  31. ^ "Arley Rodríguez reemplazará a Andrés Rentería en Río 2016" [Arley Rodríguez replaces Andrés Rentería in Rio 2016] (in Spanish). Win Sports. 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  32. ^ "Match Report: SWE vs COL" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  33. ^ "Match Report: JPN vs COL" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  34. ^ "Match Report: COL vs NGA" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  35. ^ "Match Report: BRA vs COL" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  36. ^ "Colombia women's football team book their place at Rio 2016 Olympic Games". Rio 2016. 28 September 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  37. ^ "Convocatoria oficial Selecciones Colombia para Rio 2016" (in Spanish). Colombian Football Federation. 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  38. ^ "Match Report: FRA vs COL" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  39. ^ "Match Report: COL vs NZL" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  40. ^ "Match Report: COL vs USA" (PDF). Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  41. ^ "María José Uribe y Camilo Villegas tienen cupo en Río 2016" [María José Uribe and Camilo Villegas are ready for Rio 2016] (in Spanish). RCN Televisión. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  42. ^ "Rio 2016 Olympic qualifiers in Men's Artistic Gymnastics: See the updated list!". FIG. 16 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  43. ^ "Rio 2016 Olympic qualifiers in Women's Artistic Gymnastics: See the updated list!". FIG. 17 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  44. ^ "IJF Officially Announces Qualified Athletes for Rio 2016 Olympic Games". International Judo Federation. 23 June 2016. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  45. ^ Gómez Marín, John Eric (17 April 2016). "Yuri y Yadinis son las cartas a jugarse en Río" [Yuri and Yadinis are the fighters to compete in Rio] (in Spanish). El Colombiano. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  46. ^ Deges, Frankie (8 June 2015). "Colombia and Argentina book spots at Rio 2016". World Rugby. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  47. ^ "Colombia named their Olympic squad". World Rugby. 13 July 2016.
  48. ^ "Rio 2016 spots decided at Sailing World Cup Miami presented by Sunbrella". ISAF. 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  49. ^ "Quota Places by Nation and Number". www.issf-sports.org/. ISSF. 30 May 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  50. ^ "Tirador Danilo Caro consigue el cupo 123 de Colombia a Juegos Olímpicos" [Shooter Danilo Caro gets the 123rd quota for Colombia at the Olympics] (in Spanish). Cali, Colombia: El País. 19 May 2016. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  51. ^ "Swimming World Rankings". FINA. Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  52. ^ "Rio 2016 – FINA Swimming Qualification System" (PDF). Rio 2016. FINA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  53. ^ Etchells, Daniel (7 March 2016). "Ukraine land first-ever Olympic synchronised swimming team event berth at Rio 2016 qualifier". Inside the Games. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  54. ^ "Colombia clasifica por primera vez en nado sincronizado a los Juegos Olímpicos" [Colombia tops the leaderboard in synchronized swimming at the Olympic test event] (in Spanish). El Heraldo. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  55. ^ "Lady Ruano dio el cupo 115 de Colombia a los Juegos Olímpicos" [Lady Ruano obtains the 115th place for Colombia at the Games] (in Spanish). Colombia: El Tiempo. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  56. ^ Marshall, Ian (1 April 2016). "Youngest and Oldest Book Places, the Generation Game in Santiago". ITTF. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  57. ^ "Eleven countries book Rio 2016 places at taekwondo Pan American Qualification Tournament". World Taekwondo Federation. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  58. ^ "ITF announces entries for Rio 2016 Olympics". International Tennis Federation. 30 June 2016. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  59. ^ "Juan Sebastián Cabal y Robert Farah, confirmados para Río-2016" [Juan Sebastián Cabal and Robert Farah are confirmed for Rio 2016]. Colombia: El Tiempo. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  60. ^ "La tenista Mariana Duque, cupo 148 de Colombia en Río" [Tennis player Mariana Duque accepts the quota no. 148 in Rio]. Colombia: El Colombiano. 17 July 2016.
  61. ^ "Rio 2016 Weightlifting – List of Athletes by Bodyweight Category" (PDF). International Weightlifting Federation. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  62. ^ "Rio Olympics 2016: Izzat Artykov stripped of weightlifting bronze". BBC News. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  63. ^ "Wrestling for Rio 2016". United World Wrestling. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  64. ^ "Colombia obtiene dos cupos en Lucha para los Olímpicos de Río" [Colombia gets two berths in Olympic wrestling for Rio] (in Spanish). CM&. 10 September 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
[edit]